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silly here yesterday and today - 3

Chapter Three: the spirit of achievement, value and cause of death Olympic

In this episode we go further back in time past, in which reality mingles with myth. I refer to Ancient Greece, but our unfortunate hero was born in Magna Graecia (Greek colonies in southern Italy), Croton, around 550 BC We refer to Milo, the most successful fighter of the ancient Olympic Games, character and mention to talk about another physical marvel of antiquity, the emperor Maximinus I.

is said to win the wrestling competition of the Olympic Games six times (once even as a child). But in addition, won seven times the Pythian Games at Delphi, ten the Isthmian and Nemean Nine. If we pay attention to the sources, won the grand slam of the season (winning all four competitions cycle) five times, which was struggling for at least 20 years, maybe 24.

Fight in Ancient Greece

His demise came when he tried to reach her seventh Olympic medal, having been defeated by one Timasíteo also of Croton, whose technique prevented Milo even close, much less exercise on it for their excessive force.

Some six years later (in 511 or 510 BC), our champion is cited as the commander of Crotona army that faced the city of Sybaris (from which the connoisseurs). Diodorus Siculus, historian S. grecosiciliano BC, tells us that Milo was dressed for battle with the lion skin and club Herculianus style, with its Olympic crown in the head (because at that time that was the prize, a crown, sometimes bay).

addition, to see it was not just muscle, is associated with Pythagoras, Greek philosopher and mathematician who spent half his life in Magna Graecia, and much of that Crotona time. From him he learned philosophy, and his daughter married. Even some classical author says that Pythagoras died at the home of the fighter, in a fire (and some more bad blood says Pythagoreans had a meeting there and were drunk ...).

De Milo, apart from his athletic feats, they say many things. For example, a very appeal is that of cattle on his shoulders. It is said, is discussed, it is rumored that, or he could carry a four-year bull behind him, or was a bull, it started charging as a calf, to grow your hump and well trained face the next Olympic Games. It is also said to be introduced to a few games loaded with beef, which turned the stadium and let dry the animal between the horns punch ... then eat, live and direct. That could carry a cow or a bull is hard to believe, but make an effort. They kill bulls with his fists and then devour, go. That leave a bovid grow back no ... Because remember that part in all athletic games of antiquity, which were held every four years cycle! We, rostristas pro, going to catch us with so gross exaggeration.

By the way ... Continuing with the similarities to Heracles, "no one recalls the theft of the cattle of Geryon? In short, we all know that Hercules had to do twelve rounds by way of penance, because in a fit of madness caused by his stepmother Hera killed her children, and possibly also his wife. The tenth of them, and in principle the last to perform, was to steal cattle to Geryon, the giant winged monster with three bodies, three heads and six arms Erytheia lived on the island, the archipelago of the Hesperides, treated as Canary Islands. With all the diplomacy of the world, first Heracles attacked the Sun (Helios) to cross the desert at night and blur, and then, following his usual tact, killed the dog of Geryon, Orthrus (brother of Cerberus, guardian of Hades) and the shepherd of the flock, Eurytion, son of Ares. Finally, and yes, with pretty words, shattered a three-part Geryon. Stole their cattle and some sources say it took him in tow back to Greece. A tow ...

About strength that we could extend his arm to the fingers, horizontal, and that anyone still clinging to them, could not even bend, much less lower the arm. Or that challenged people to beat him in combat peculiar uploaded to a greased shield, defeating the first to throw it to another of the same.

Related Pythagoras, is a story that during a class philosopher, the roof collapsed, but Milo was able to handle it on their shoulders until they had all gone. In addition to strong one, sacrificed, what wonderful man.

But like everything, to be stronger at the time also came close, and the most stupid way possible. Legend has it that an old and (Ie, I could count 50 years, I do not think more, life expectancy was really short in those days) Milo for a walk near Crotona, he found a half-cut tree. Loggers had placed a wooden wedge to separate the trunk, and that was "loosening" to finish the job later. Our tough, willing to be tested, tried from the trunk. Pushing both sides, the wedge fell and suddenly closed the trunk onto the wrist (or both, or even a hand and one foot). His forces were no longer before and could not release. And no one was around to help him. And the unfortunate Milo ended devoured by wolves. "Desire to improve? Frankly, after reading this, I remain as I am.

anyone doubted that would happen at the right, watching the scene on the left?

Others point to something more rational wolves found him alone in the woods and gave a banquet with meat stringy.

However, other sources offer a less ironic death. They point to his relationship with the Pythagoreans, and apparently normal jealousy among the students of this school. Milo may well have been murdered by a rival, or a student rejected. Porphyry of Tyre, philosopher S. III AD, said that the Pythagoreans, gathered at the house of Milo, and the latter being present, died in a fire as they were all drunk and were unable to leave. Well, this story sounds like the death of Pythagoras.

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The kingdom of Siagrio

Or how to harness the power vacuum to build your own kingdom

Year 476 AD The last Western Roman Emperor, Romulus Augustus (or Augustus) is deposed by Odoacer, leader of the Heruli. The Western Roman Empire has fallen, and the imperial ensigns were sent to Constantinople by Odoacer, instead of placing a puppet rule through it (which is nothing but what was the young Romulus), becoming king of Italy, serving the eastern emperor Zeno, of course (until they were angry with each other and Odoacer was history, but that concerns us.) Amid all this fuss, Julius Nepos, voices crying out to be the legitimate Western Roman Emperor, the truly passed the Senate in Rome.

Siagrio What? Siagrio, son of Giles, the last magister militum of the Roman province of Gaul (so we understand, what is now France). But the province had been reduced to a bare minimum of what was once, because of concessions by one side Visigoths (Toulouse and Aquitaine), and the advance of the Franks on the other (coming from the north who want to brawl) . Basically, the Gaul "inherited" Siagrio was just an island in the middle of land in the hands of barbarians, which included the Seine basin, isolated from the territories in which Rome ruled, albeit nominally.

Egidio

died in 464, when our hero took his place. The first was put there by the emperor Mayoriano, and although it Ricimer to kill and occupy the Roman throne, Egidio became Swedish and continued to rule those lands that were given to him as his own. And when he died did his Siagrio to the point that although he and his father used the term Roman dux , Duke, neighbors Germans recognized him as King of the Romans. Thus, the domain of Soissons passed into history as the kingdom of Siagrio.

Twelve years after starting their particular "rule", Siagrio tried, unsuccessfully, to become Emperor of Rome. He denied the validity of the shares of Odoacer and asked Zeno ownership of the throne of Rome. But the Byzantine owed the nomination hérulo look better than the last of the Romans (or to be exact, Gallo-Roman). Without an emperor to be followed, the domain of Soissons became an independent enclave and its fate was sealed with the rise of the ex-Clovis, which could say it was the arch-nemesis of Siagrio.

Clovis Franco came to the throne in 481, succeeding his father Childeric (I love names of Germanic kings of Late Antiquity). Although he was only fifteen years, from the outset aimed to expand his kingdom at the expense of the Siagrio. It took five years, but the victory was complete. It is puzzling, because his father found no need to undertake such a campaign, and the boy was something he did from the start. Should I see the difference of faith between the two characters? Clovis, at least at the time, was an Arian, a deviation from early Christian dogma, while Siagrio guess would be Christian. Who knows, but I could say and get away with it, living as we do in this world of "anything goes." The truth is that Clovis was subsequently changed her jacket and possessed the faith of the convert, a great time waxing his former friends Arian Visigoths.

Siagrio was defeated at Soissons in 486. To save his life, fled south to the Visigoth kingdom of Toulouse, where he was warmly welcomed by Alaric II. In fact, "quality" is a bit exaggerated: Alaric, Clovis Non anger, told the postman that package was not for him and returned to Siagrio with a stamp on the front that said "Return to Sender." Come on, as he did not want problems, he was imprisoned and sent back prisoner to Soissons, where he commanded Clovis run. What need?

died

So, if we pay attention to Gregory of Tours, the main source of this story, the last of the Romans stabbed by Night and in secret, in 486 or 487.

Clovis I, later, in a Germanic tradition, he divided his kingdom between his sons after his death. Fortunately, "only" had four, which gave them the following: to Theuderic, Reims; to Chlodomer, Orleans, for Childebert, Paris, and Clotaire, Soissons. As brothers, they tried to pull out each other's eyes with love until only one remained standing, Clotaire I, who reunified the Gaul in 555. As good Germans, to his death divided among his three (thank god) children. And start .. But that may speak another day ...

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The last cavalry charge

Or how tactical combat obsolescence

There is something inexplicably

exciting and, in some way, beautiful in a cavalry charge. Impressive in ancient times, brutal in the Middle Ages, suicide since the advent of gunpowder. Maybe this last component is the one that has been covered in an aura of heroism riders of recent times. Yes, we are, become a hero to suicide, but what can we do. And then say that romance is dead.

As already guess, cavalry charges have been from time immemorial. Is estimated to have been used to wage war from the domestication of horses ... And that date may be around from 4,000 to 3,000 BC in the steppes of Asia. "Soon" is shifted to the horse and cart as a weapon of war, which became something like, the bad and soon, the tanks of ancient times (although the term "tank" is incorrect, something that probably explain in another article). This tactic lived with light cavalry, harassing, who threw spears or arrows at the enemy to weaken, or carried the same with their spears ... But they were very vulnerable in combat, yes, they were quick to open, but if they engage in combat, it was difficult to overthrow the rider, which used to be his death sentence.

The solution to this was the invention of heavy cavalry to 500 BC in Persia. With more robust horses that could withstand the armor of the rider and his own, that problem was solved. Perhaps the paradigm of the armored cavalry were cataphracts old (whose name comes from the Greek and means literally "fully covered / protected"). And this, along with new formations of infantry (phalanx and legion) sentenced to death in the car.

In the Middle Ages was refined heavy cavalry (Hastings, Crécy, etc.), But again the infantry was able to evolve to counter this power. First, some as old as the horse itself was improved: the walls of spears. More Later, with the first development of archery and soon with the popularity of the crossbow, heavy armor became less effective. Finally, put the gun end to the devastating cavalry charges. Rider and horse were too big a target and vulnerable even to the primitive guns, let alone for muskets and the like in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The age of the knights had happened.

However, we must recognize honorable (and late) exceptions, such as the load of three thousand Polish lancers at the Battle of Vienna in 1683, led by Jan III Sobieski, the "winged hussars."

Polish Winged Hussars . Less battleships in the Middle Ages, but still retain their armor. In addition to strength, they brought some spectacular

However, the popularity of firearms did not end with the light cavalry. In fact, the burdens of this type of horse, sometimes also armed with guns (the famous dragons) were very common in the wars of S. XVIII. Without going any further, wars Napoleonic, American Civil War or the Franco-Prussian War. Although there were also big, huge setbacks, that made the war theorists consider increasing the use of these weapons. In particular comes to my head the burden of the Light Brigade of British cavalry in the Crimea, the clearest example of suicidal charge of the story. They won, but at the expense of a great price. And all for a communication error. One of many throughout history.

With the advent of machine guns, automatic weapons and artillery more effective, the reason for the cavalry was slowly disappearing. In the First World War took place some burdens, but few were successful. What sense does charge an entrenched enemy with machine guns? These bodies became, over time, mounted infantry.

So we approach the tail of this tactic. Again, the Poles returned to the scene in the Polish-Bolshevik War of 1920, a Polish cavalry charge, the sources said most of history, in Komarov, destroyed the Soviet cavalry. This fact is significant because since the body passed a flat segundísimo Russia.

But let's focus. The article is about the last cavalry charge in history. If asked, most people will not have any idea. A few others, I would call it work, again, the Poles, when charged the Panzer in the invasion of Poland in 1939. They are wrong.

Polish Cavalry by 1936. Pay close attention to the spears. Some things do not change over millennia

Although not walk misguided. As it also happened in the Second World War, but with other actors. Poles were not charged against tanks, a senseless act that only succeeded in creating the myth of Polish cavalry. Jan Sobieski Perhaps they thought they would throw a hand. Perhaps all this will never happen. In fact, the myth of the load to the Panzer was a misunderstanding of the German propaganda, arrived the next day, they saw dead horses and chariots, and associated ideas. Sought to ridicule and humiliate the enemy (who carried spears said they thought that the armored cars were really only a metal plate that covered them), but they created a myth and, unwittingly, a glimmer of hope for the Poles. So neither loaded into tanks, much less did with swords and spears (and except for the spears used on rare occasions, it used to be against infantry, even in those days). What happened is that the Polish cavalry charged into the flank of a German reconnaissance unit. The result is as expected, despite being equipped with firearms (software) and even anti-tank rifles, could do little against the curtains of machine gun fire. But succeeded in delaying the German advance just enough to to cease its persecution and friendly troops could reorganize.

The fact that our interest was nearly three years after these events, August 23, 1942. The Savoy Cavalry regiment, composed of 600 Italian riders charged into the positions occupied by some 2,000 infants Soviets around the river Don, passing them over, literally.

The Savoy Cavalry regiment. Though by no means be seen, is said carrying black crosses on their helmets and red scarves, a tradition that came from far and remains to this day, though no longer ride horses

This is considered the last great cavalry charge and the last successful. However, other sources point to two other charges, such as the death throes of this practice. One of them also stands as the Italian players when a unit charged against Yugoslav partisans in the Balkans in late 1942. The other, by, once again, riders Poles came in the aftermath of the war, March 1 1945 in Pomerania, the Red Army service, but cheating: in the evening they were forced to dismount.